Botryoid Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Uterine Cervix in a Young Adult: Diagnostic Challenge and Aggressive Clinical Course

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix is an exceptionally rare malignancy in adults, typically presenting in pediatric populations. We report the case of a 26-year-old woman initially managed for a presumed benign endocervical polyp who subsequently developed rapidly progressive botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix. Initial histological misdiagnosis delayed appropriate treatment, and despite radical surgery, the patient experienced early recurrence with peritoneal dissemination. This case emphasizes the diagnostic challenges posed by the rarity of this tumor in adults, the importance of comprehensive immunohistochemical evaluation in ambiguous cervical lesions, and the aggressive biological behavior characteristic of rhabdomyosarcoma in adults. Confirmatory molecular testing for characteristic translocations should be considered to guide prognosis and therapy selection.