Mixed research method reveals teacher feedback increases cognitive anxiety compared to DeepSeek AI feedback in non-English majors, highlighting its potential benefits.
Based on the three-dimensional theory of anxiety, this study adopted a mixed research method to explore the differential effects of second language writing teacher feedback and DeepSeek AI feedback on the academic anxiety of 115 non-English major college students. The results showed that: (1) Teacher feedback induced higher cognitive anxiety and avoidance tendency in students than DeepSeek feedback, with the difference in avoidance tendency approaching statistical significance; (2) No stable and consistent difference was found in the impact of the two feedback modes on students'physiological anxiety. The findings reveal that DeepSeek AI feedback has potential advantages in alleviating cognitive anxiety and avoidance tendency of non-English majors, providing empirical support for constructing a "human-machine collaborative" feedbackmodel that balances teaching effectiveness, feedback efficiency and students'psychological safety.
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楊琇琇 et al. (2026) studied this question.
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