A Nomogram Model to Predict Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk After Surgery in Patients with Hip Fractures

Figures

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  Fig. 1. The radiographs of two major ways of fracture fixation in cases. X-ray images of a patient with intertrochanteric fracture before (A) and after RIF (B). X-ray images of a patient with femoral neck fracture before (C) and after HR (D)

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  Fig. 2. Nomogram predicting the postoperative DVT in hip fractures

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  Fig. 3. Examples of clinical application of the nomogram. A The nomogram of patient 1 resulted in a total score of 42 points for age ≥ 70 years (19 points), RIF (23 points), D-dimer < 450 ng/ml (0 points), negative on admission US (0 points). The corresponding risk of DVT was 0.42, and the actual result of the patient was negative for DVT after hip fracture surgery. B The nomogram of patient 2 resulted in a total score of 165 points for age ≥ 70 years (19 points), HR (0 points), D-dimer ≥ 450 ng/ml (47 points), positive on admission US (99 points). The corresponding risk of DVT was 0.93, and the actual result of the patient was positive for DVT after hip fracture surgery

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  Fig. 4. Calibration plot of the nomogram for the probability of postoperative thrombosis in hip fractures (bootstrap 1000 repetitions)

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  Fig. 5. DCA of the nomogram of postoperative DVT of hip fractures. The red line represented the nomogram. The black line (no intervention) represented all negative samples. The grey line (received intervention) represented all positive samples

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  Fig. 6. ROC curve analysis of related indicators of postoperative DVT after hip fractures

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  Fig. 7. ROC curve analysis of the nomogram model and the Caprini score in validation set (AUC = 0.815 vs. 0.659, P < 0.05)