Seismic Impacts on Lentic Water Quality: Satellite Analysis of Reservoir TSM Fluctuations Following Earthquakes

Water quality assessment in lentic water bodies relies on crucial indicators such as Total Suspended Matter (TSM), which is influenced by factors like sediment transport, deposition, and resuspension. A significant research gap regarding the immediate and short-term effects of major seismic events on TSM concentrations underscores the need for alternative modern methods. In this study, we employ remote sensing technique to analyze the impact of the devastating 2023 earthquakes in Turkey on water quality, with a specific focus on TSM levels. Utilizing the Case 2 Regional Coast Color processor (C2RCC), we analyze data collected from Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, and Landsat-9 between November 2022 and May 2023. Our findings reveal substantial increases in TSM concentrations in reservoirs located near the epicenters of the earthquakes, such as Atatrk Dam, Sir Dam, and Aslantas Dam. Conversely, more distant water bodies like Hirfanli Dam and Lake Eirdir demonstrate decreases in TSM levels. In the aftermath of seismic events at the Atatrk, Aslanta, and Sir Dams, notable shifts in TSM concentrations were observed. Post-earthquake, TSM concentrations surged by 189%, 175%, and 51% at the Atatrk, Aslanta, and Sir Dams, respectively, with corresponding increases of 51% and 105% in standard deviations. These results emphasize the significant influence of seismic events on TSM concentrations, providing valuable insights into the dynamic nature of water quality in response to earthquakes.