Enhancing the Effectiveness of Strategic Environmental Assessment through the Logical Framework Approach: Insights from Sardinia, Italy

The effectiveness of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) remains a central issue in both academic debate and practice, particularly in terms of its limited capacity to influence strategic orientations supporting environmental protection and sustainable development. This issue is increasingly urgent in the context of the 2030 Agenda, which introduces a clear and widely shared sustainable development paradigm requiring systematic integration into decision-making processes. This study proposes a strategy-based methodological model grounded in the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) to reconfigure SEA as a proactive and structurally embedded decision-support framework in spatial planning. Developed and refined through two pilot applications in Sardinia, the model demonstrates how the LFA enhances SEA effectiveness by strengthening the coherence, transparency, and strategic relevance of sustainability-oriented planning decisions