Extraction and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Argemone mexicana Linn. Root Extracts

Epidemic dropsy is a clinical condition caused by the consumption of contaminated food oils containing Argemone mexicana oil. Sanguinarine and dehydrosanguinarine are two primary toxic alkaloids found in Argemone oil. These compounds cause widespread capillary dilatation, proliferation, and increased permeability. The protein-rich plasma component leaks into the extracellular compartment, causing oedema. The haemodynamic consequences of vascular dilatation and permeability result in a condition of relative hypovolaemia, which serves as a constant stimulus for the kidneys to conserve fluid and salt. The illness begins with gastroenteric symptoms, followed by cutaneous erythema and pigmentation. Respiratory symptoms include coughing, shortness of breath, and orthopnoea, which can progress to frank right-sided congestive heart failure. There is no specific therapy for removal of the contaminated oil and symptoms; therefore, symptomatic treatment, antioxidants, and multivitamins remain the primary treatment approach. The principal preventive measures include selective yellow mustard production, strict enforcement of food-adulteration laws, and exemplary punishment for unscrupulous traders.