Rethinking the Building Performance Gap: A Multi‑Perspective Stakeholder Analysis of Passive Cooling in Nigeria’s Sahelian School Context

The gap between design intent and real thermal conditions in buildings is well-documented, but its institutional and stakeholder aspects in public-sector architecture in hot-dry regions remain unexplored. This study examines passive cooling in public schools in Nigeria's Sahelian zone, analysing published case studies from many perspectives. The study investigates the competing logics of architects, public works authorities, and school users using secondary analysis of 32 carefully chosen case studies. The performance gap is caused by competing stakeholder logics, including officials' cost- and schedule-driven decisions, security policies embedded in institutional rules, and professional norms that equate