Low-voltage ULSI design

An overall view on low-voltage device and circuit design is presented, beginning with a discussion of the low-voltage limit. Low-voltage device design is then described. Low-voltage CMOS and BiCMOS logic circuits are discussed. Circuit techniques for the low-voltage DRAMs and SRAMs are presented. The low-voltage analog devices and circuits are considered. The future direction of the low-voltage and low-power ULSIs is discussed by comparing the switching energy of electronic devices and brain cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>