Analyzing the Effectiveness of Grammar Translation Method (GTM) and Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Employed on Undergraduate Students of Nangarhar University, Afghanistan

Although not widespread, English has a centuries-old presence in Afghanistan. In terms of academia, Kabul University boasts of having the first well-defined Department of English in 1923. The department focused on grammar, linguistics, spoken English, and phonology. Likewise, during the course of time, other universities adopted English as a teaching subject. The Department of English at Nangarhar University started working in the year 2003. Currently, English as a TEFL degree is taught to more than 400 undergraduate (UG) students hailing from diversified backgrounds. The current study is an earnest attempt to assess the pedagogy adopted in English Language Teaching (ELT) at Nangarhar University. Though the Grammar Translation Method (GTM) and Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) are adopted and applied at various levels, this research is a unique investigative attempt of its kind to analyze which method is more effective and result-oriented. The study used a quantitative research method, employing a survey questionnaire. A total of N=74 students and teachers participated in this research from the Department of English, Nangarhar University, Afghanistan.