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Data reorganization can be informally defined as the process of changing the logical and/or physical organization of data so that it can be processed more effectively in a new hardware/software environment. Motivation for data reorganization is presented and examples given. The major issues that were taken into consideration in the formulation of a definition of data reorganization are discussed. These include the scope of the definition and issues of loss of information and data independence. A formal definition of data reorganization is presented and discussed through the use of a four level model of data. The spectrum of reorganization, from logical to physical, is discussed, and examples presented. Finally, the complexity of data reorganization operations is discussed.
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Fry et al. (1976) studied this question.