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V. Lee Hamilton, Joseph Sanders, Yoko Hosoi, Zensuke Ishimura, Nozomu Matsubara, Haruo Nishimura, Nobuho Tomita, Kazuhiko Tokoro, Universals in Judging Wrongdoing: Japanese and Americans Compared, American Sociological Review, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Apr., 1983), pp. 199-211
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Hamilton et al. (1983) studied this question.
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