Divergent responses of soil bacterial rare and abundant biospheres to conversion of primary forest to macadamia-based agroforestry systems in southwest China

• Divergent diversity response to forest conversion from primary forest to macadamia-based agroforestry systems. • Soil pH as a main driver in affecting soil bacterial rare and abundant diversity and community composition. • Abundant taxa indicated stronger network stability than rare taxa. • Stochastic process dominated community assembly both rare and abundant biosphere across forest types.