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Context Rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) is classified as vulnerable because, despite being a common species in the Indo-Pacific region, its population is declining because of habitat loss and illegal hunting. Consequently, breeding Rusa deer in other regions of the world may play an important role in reducing the risk of extinction. Aim This study aimed to describe the application of B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate the testis and accessory sex glands of this species when raised in north-eastern Brazil. In addition, seminal parameters were characterized. Methods The experiment was conducted between July and September of 2023 and 2024 by using eight adult male Rusa deer aged 42 and 60 months. Body measurements and testicular biometry were recorded. The B-mode and spectral Doppler ultrasonography of accessory genital glands and testis were performed. Semen was collected by electroejaculation, and kinematic parameters were determined using a portable computer-assisted sperm analysis system. Comparisons of means and proportions were performed using the independent t-test and Fisher’s exact test respectively, with statistical significance set at P 0.05. Key results The seminal vesicles were visualized in all experimental animals and the mean (±s.d.) echogenicity was 55.15 ± 23.20. The prostate was located dorsal to the urethra, with the body and disseminated parts being clearly defined and exhibiting a homogeneous echotexture. When comparing supratesticular and iliac arteries, significant differences were observed for end-diastolic velocity (EDV), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMAX), and pulsatility index (PI). All observed seminal parameters were similar to those reported in previous studies of Rusa deer semen. Conclusion Slightly smaller in body size, male Rusa deer raised in the north-eastern Brazil exhibited andrological and seminal characteristics similar to those of individuals in their native range. In addition, the use of B-mode and Doppler ultrasound has been shown to be an important tool in examining the genital system. Implications These findings will be useful for selection of better breeders and for the development of protocols for semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination (AI) in this species.
Araujo et al. (Thu,) studied this question.