Adaptive and multi-scale feature fusion for Chinese news headline classification

The rapid growth of online news has led to an explosion of short Chinese headlines, which often suffer from sparse features, limited context, and high ambiguity—posing significant challenges for accurate classification. To address these issues, this paper proposes two tailored deep learning models: ERNIE-AAFF-SECNN for large-scale datasets, which enhances semantic representation via adaptive fusion of multi-layer ERNIE features and improves local feature extraction with SE-empowered CNN; and ERNIE-MSSE-DSCNN for small-scale datasets, which integrates multi-scale SE attention, depthwise separable convolutions, and adversarial training to boost robustness under data scarcity. A large number of experiments have shown that both of these models have achieved the most advanced performance. It is worth noting that the accuracy of ERNIE-AAFF-SECNN on the THUCNews and Toutiao datasets is 1.28% and 0.55% higher, respectively, than that of the lightweight SOTA model TinyBERT. The accuracy of ERNIE-MSSE-DSCNN on a 10% training dataset is 2.62% and 3.76% higher than that of the lightweight SOTA model TinyBERT, respectively. It demonstrates outstanding effectiveness under both standard and low-resource Settings. These results demonstrate that targeted architectural enhancements—such as adaptive feature fusion and multi-scale attention with adversarial training—can significantly improve the accuracy and robustness of short-text classification in practical Chinese news applications.