African American family scholarship uniformly attests to the immense importance of children in Black families (Anderson, 1991; Billingsley, 1992; Burton, 1990; Nobles, 1985; Staples & Johnson, 1993). More than one third of the 30 to 35 million Black Americans in the United States are children younger than age 18 (Pinkney, 1993) and, as Nobles (1985) has pointed out, they are the very heart of the African American family:
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Shirley A. Hill (2001) studied this question.
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