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Abstract This Viewpoint essay understands China's COVID‐19 responses through the lens of six paradoxes , focusing on normal and non‐normal governance , competing values , expertise and politics , centralization and decentralization , public and private , and technology and institutions . Preliminary lessons are drawn regarding pandemic governance: embedding resilience into all aspects of governance ; developing a public value framework for pandemic governance and improving individuals' ethical capacity ; institutionalizing policy capacity on pandemic governance and requiring expertise in relevant positions ; balancing centralized coordination and decentralized responses with a stable and ready‐to‐work commanding center ; enabling businesses and nonprofits for pandemic governance but regulating them appropriately ; and enacting technologies to revolutionize pandemic governance with proper institutional safeguards .
Kaifeng Yang (Thu,) studied this question.