Comparative efficacy and acceptability of resilience-focused interventions for nurses: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND: The mental health of nurses is deteriorating. Maintaining nurses' resilience has become a focal point for future nursing development. OBJECTIVE: We aim to rank the effectiveness and acceptability of resilience-focused interventions for nurses. METHODS: A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted, with comprehensive searches across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and other databases. Frequentist random-effects network meta-analyses were employed, and RoB-2 was used to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS: Resilience-focused interventions were found to significantly enhance nurses' resilience (95%CI 0.61, 1.41). Offline field interventions (95%CI 0.64, 1.59) outperformed online interventions (95%CI -0.02, 0.45). Both group (95%CI 0.32, 0.87) and individual (95%CI 0.63, 1.59) interventions showed effectiveness. Anger Management Psychoeducation (95%CI 3.65,7.93, SUCRA = 98.2), Emotional Intelligence training (95%CI 3.32,6.51, SUCRA = 95), and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (95%CI 2.60,5.88, SUCRA = 92.4) were the most effective interventions. CONCLUSION: Anger Management Psychoeducation, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, and Emotional Intelligence training are the most effective interventions for enhancing nurses' resilience. INTERNATIONAL PROSPECTIVE REGISTER OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS: CRD42021289477. REGISTRATION OF CLINICAL TRIAL AND REGISTRATION IDENTIFICATION NUMBER: Not applicable.