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Abstract The prevention of and early intervention with internalizing problems are vital to children's overall health and development. Schools are strongly considered a venue where these services can be provided. The Strong Kids program was developed to increase youths' resiliency. This study examined the efficacy of Strong Kids with middle school students in terms of knowledge of healthy social-emotional behaviors, reduction in internalizing symptoms, and the exploratory use of performance feedback with features of motivational interviewing. Students who participated in the program significantly increased their knowledge. Negative symptoms did not change. Teachers implemented the program with strong fidelity. It is unclear at this time the extent to which it is necessary to use performance feedback with features of motivational interviewing to improve the implementation of highly structured social-emotional learning programs. Notes aDenotes effect size greater than .19 and interpreted as a meaningful effect. aDenotes effect size greater than .19 and interpreted as a meaningful effect. The authors report that to the best of their knowledge neither they nor their affiliated institutions have financial or personal relationships or affiliations that could influence or bias the opinions, decisions, or work presented in this manuscript.
Gueldner et al. (Tue,) studied this question.