Key result
Denervation resulted in an 8.7-fold increase in blood flow to the low-oxidative white gastrocnemius muscle compared to a 2.7-fold increase in the high-oxidative red gastrocnemius and soleus muscles.
Control of vascular resistance by the sympathetic nervous system varies by muscle fiber type, with α₂-mediated vasoconstriction heavily dependent on the vascular endothelium in fast-twitch muscles.
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The influence of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) upon vascular resistance is more profound in muscles comprised predominately of low-oxidative type IIB vs. high-oxidative type I fiber types. However, within muscles containing high-oxidative type IIA and IIX fibers, the role of the SNS on vasomotor tone is not well established. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of sympathetic neural vasoconstrictor tone in muscles composed of different fiber types. In adult male rats, blood flow to the red and white portions of the gastrocnemius (Gast(Red) and Gast(White), respectively) and the soleus muscle was measured pre- and postdenervation. Resistance arterioles from these muscles were removed, and dose responses to α₁-phenylephrine or α₂-clonidine adrenoreceptor agonists were determined with and without the vascular endothelium. Denervation resulted in a 2.7-fold increase in blood flow to the soleus and Gast(Red) and an 8.7-fold increase in flow to the Gast(White). In isolated arterioles, α₂-mediated vasoconstriction was greatest in Gast(White) (∼50%) and less in Gast(Red) (∼31%) and soleus (∼17%); differences among arterioles were abolished with the removal of the endothelium. There was greater sensitivity to α(1)-mediated vasoconstriction in the Gast(White) and Gast(Red) vs. the soleus, which was independent of whether the endothelium was present. These data indicate that 1) control of vascular resistance by the SNS in high-oxidative, fast-twitch muscle is intermediate to that of low-oxidative, fast-twitch and high-oxidative, slow-twitch muscles; and 2) the ability of the SNS to control blood flow to low-oxidative type IIB muscle appears to be mediated through postsynaptic α₁- and α₂-adrenoreceptors on the vascular smooth muscle.
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Muscle fiber-type differences may modulate sympathetic vascular control; leaves open translation to human disease or therapy.
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Behnke et al. (2011) studied Healthy (n=72). Denervation and adrenergic receptor stimulation/inhibition vs. Predenervation / Intact endothelium was evaluated on Change in blood flow post-denervation (p=<0.05). Denervation resulted in an 8.7-fold increase in blood flow to the low-oxidative white gastrocnemius muscle compared to a 2.7-fold increase in the high-oxidative red gastrocnemius and soleus muscles.
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