Nonlinear Slip Flow of Radiative MHD Hybrid Casson Nanofluid Over Stretching Surface Through Forchheimer Porous Medium

The current work analyzes the impact of thermal radiation on the nonlinear slip flow of an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic Casson hybrid nanofluid over a heated surface embedded in the Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. The hybrid nanofluid flows in the presence of a varying magnetic field and heat generation. The viscous dissipation, Brownian motion, and thermophoretic force are taken into consideration. The surface is extendable, permeable, and variably thickened. The hybrid nanofluid includes copper, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and water as the base fluid. The driving PDEs are turned into nondimensional ODEs using a similarity transformation. The ODEs are solved computationally by the finite difference method, incorporating Newton's linearization process. The effects of the involved factors on heat transport and solute fluxes are presented in plots and tabular forms for skin friction, heat transfer rate, and mass transfer rate. A comparison with earlier published studies is exhibited, and an excellent agreement is obtained. The computational results indicate that the slip velocity and Forchheimer factor enhance the Nusselt number and reduce the Sherwood number. The higher values of slip velocity parameters, the nanoparticle volume fractions, and thermal radiation enhance the friction force. On the other hand, the increment of the Forchheimer factor, Casson parameter, Schmidt number, and porosity parameter cause an increase in drag force. It is observed that as the TiO₂ nanoparticles volume fraction increases (0 to 5%) at fixed Cu nanoparticles volume fraction, the Nusselt number increases by 19.14%, whereas both the skin friction and Sherwood number decrease by 0.4% and 11.99%, respectively. The findings of the current study may have significant applications in engineering and biotechnology systems such as cancer therapy, dialysis, blood transfusion, and treatment.