This paper studies the advantages of employing local force feedback for enhanced stability and performance in teleoperation systems. It also shows how a class of three-channel architecture bilateral controllers can provide perfect transparency under ideal conditions. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed architecture to the communication channel time-delays is analytically investigated. Experimental results are also included to support the theoretical work.
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Hastrudi-Zaad et al. (2003) studied this question.
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