Key result
Emerging CMR techniques including 4D-flow and hybrid PET-MR show potential for clinical application.
Why the study?
To review emerging CMR techniques and applications with the potential to transition from research to clinical practice in the near future.
Emerging CMR techniques such as 4D-flow CMR, DTI, and PET-MR offer novel ways to phenotype cardiac haemodynamics and micro-architecture, with significant potential to improve clinical diagnosis and risk stratification.
Should not yet change clinical practice; leaves open the need for prospective validation trials.
This review gives examples of emerging cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques and applications that have the potential to transition from research to clinical application in the near future. Four-dimensional flow CMR (4D-flow CMR) allows time-resolved three-directional, three-dimensional (3D) velocity-encoded phase-contrast imaging for 3D visualisation and quantification of valvular or intracavity flow. Acquisition times of under 10 min are achievable for a whole heart multidirectional data set and commercial software packages are now available for data analysis, making 4D-flow CMR feasible for inclusion in clinical imaging protocols. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is based on the measurement of molecular water diffusion and uses contrasting behaviour in the presence and absence of boundaries to infer tissue structure. Cardiac DTI is capable of non-invasively phenotyping the 3D micro-architecture within a few minutes, facilitating transition of the method to clinical protocols. Hybrid positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (PET-MR) provides quantitative PET measures of biological and pathological processes of the heart combined with anatomical, morphological and functional CMR imaging. Cardiac PET-MR offers opportunities in ischaemic, inflammatory and infiltrative heart disease.
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Chowdhary et al. (2021) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease. Advanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (4D-flow CMR, DTI, PET-MR) was evaluated. Emerging cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques, including 4D-flow CMR, diffusion tensor imaging, and hybrid PET-MR, show significant potential to transition from research to clinical application.
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