Analysis of the Complications of Malignant Cerebral Infarction

Background. Malignant ischemic stroke (MIS) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the most severe form of ischemic stroke, accompanied by the occurrence of numerous (cerebral and extracerebral) complications. Aims — to determine the spectrum and frequency of complications of malignant ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and evaluate their impact on the course and outcome of the disease. Methods. 48 patients with MCI in the MCA-supplied territory, age: 44 to 90 years, average age — 71.4 ± 1.8 years. 58.3% of the participants were female. 79.2% received conservative treatment only, 21% underwent decompressive hemicraniectomy. Results. Extracerebral complications during hospital confinement were registered in 87.5% of patients with MCI in the MCA-supplied territory, cerebral (dislocation syndrome) — in 100%. The most common extracerebral complications are the development of nosocomial pneumonia (73% of patients) and anemia (56.2%). Conclusion. Malignant ischemic stroke in the MCA is accompanied by the inevitable development of numerous complications that require a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of this category of patients. The determining predictors of the unfavorable course and outcome of IIS are cerebral.