Comparative analysis of the results of minimally invasive and traditional surgical treatment of patients with lumbosacral spondylolisthesis

Background. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been increasingly utilized as an alternative to open surgery (OPEN) for lumbo-sacral spondylolisthesis treatment. However, comparative analyses of outcomes remain limited. Aims — to compare perioperative and functional outcomes between MIS and OPEN in patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods. A retrospective cohort study of 224 patients (2018–2024) was conducted. Patients were divided into MIS (n = 120) and OPEN (n = 104) groups. Outcomes analyzed included surgical duration, blood loss, hospital stay, functional recovery (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI), pain reduction (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), and complications. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p 0.05 considered significant). Results. MIS demonstrated shorter operative time (145 min vs. 200 min, p 0.001), reduced blood loss (140 mL vs. 400 mL, p 0.001), and shorter hospital stay (4 vs. 9 days, p 0.001). Functional recovery and pain relief were also superior in MIS, with fewer complications. Conclusions. MIS is associated with faster recovery, lower complication rates, and improved functional outcomes compared to OPEN. These findings support the increased adoption of MIS in lumbar spondylolisthesis treatment.