The Differential Prognostic Impact of Long-Duration Atrial High-Rate Episodes Detected by Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices between Patients with and without a History of Atrial Fibrillation

Figure 1. Flow diagram of the study. Red and blue texts indicated AHRE of ≥24 h and <24 h, respectively. Grey background indicated excluded patients. Blue texts indi AF, atrial fibrillation; AHRE, atrial high-rate episodes; CIED, cardiac implantable electronic device; ILR, implantable loop recorder; SCD, subcutaneous cardioverter-defibrillator.

Figure 2. Comparison of the cumulative incidence of MACEs. (A) The Kaplan–Meier curve shows the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of MACEs following the initiation of remote monitoring among patients without a history of AF (red: patients with AHRE ≥24 h, blue: <24 h). (B) The Kaplan–Meier curve shows the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of MACEs following the initiation of remote monitoring among patients with a history of AF (red: patients with AHRE ≥24 h, blue: <24 h). The asterisk indicates statistical significance (* p < 0.01). AF, atrial fibrillation; AHRE, atrial high-rate episode; CI, confidence interval; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event.

Figure 3. Comparison of the cumulative incidence of each event in patients without a history of AF. (A) The Kaplan–Meier curve shows the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of all-cause deaths following the initiation of remote monitoring in patients without a history of AF (red: patients with AHRE ≥24 h, blue: <24 h). (B) The Kaplan–Meier curve shows the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of heart failure hospitalizations following the initiation of remote monitoring in patients without a history of AF (red: patients with AHRE ≥24 h, blue: <24 h). (C) The Kaplan–Meier curve shows the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of strokes following the initiation of remote monitoring in patients without a history of AF (red: patients with AHRE ≥24 h, blue: <24 h). (D) The Kaplan–Meier curve shows the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of acute coronary syndromes following the initiation of remote monitoring in patients without AF (red: patients with AHRE ≥24 h, blue: <24 h). The asterisks indicate statistical significance (** p < 0.0005). AF, atrial fibrillation; AHRE, atrial high-rate episode; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 4. Comparison of the cumulative incidence of each event in patients with a history of AF. (A) The Kaplan–Meier curve shows the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of all-cause deaths following the initiation of remote monitoring in patients with a history of AF (red: patients with AHRE ≥24 h, blue: <24 h). (B) The Kaplan–Meier curve shows the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of heart failure hospitalizations following the initiation of remote monitoring in patients with a history of AF (red: patients with AHRE ≥24 h, blue: <24 h). (C) The Kaplan–Meier curve shows the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of strokes following the initiation of remote monitoring in patients with a history of AF (red: patients with AHRE ≥24 h, blue: <24 h). (D) The Kaplan–Meier curve shows the cumulative incidence and 95% CI of acute coronary syndromes following the initiation of remote monitoring in patients with a history of AF (red: patients with AHRE ≥24 h, blue: <24 h). AF, atrial fibrillation; AHRE, atrial high-rate episodes; CI, confidence interval.