A systematic review of safety culture dimensions and measurement tools in the petrochemical industry using the PRISMA protocol

OBJECTIVES: Safety culture is a critical component of organizational behavior, particularly in high-risk environments such as the petrochemical industry. It also plays a significant role in shaping employee behavior, safety outcomes and overall organizational resilience. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the key dimensions and measurement tools used to assess safety culture in the petrochemical sector over the past decade. METHODS: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, 29 peer-reviewed articles published in open access between 2014 and 2024 were selected from Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to ensure methodological rigor and relevance. RESULTS: The most frequently reported safety culture dimensions include management commitment, safety communication, employee involvement, safety training and compliance. Measurement tools, e.g., the Nordic safety climate questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) and the health and safety management system (HSMS) frameworks, as well as various self-developed instruments, were identified across the reviewed studies. These tools should be more widely applied in future assessments to ensure standardized, evidence-based evaluations of safety culture in the petrochemical sector. CONCLUSION: This review highlights the multidimensional nature of safety culture assessment in petrochemical settings, revealing both prevalent research practices and research gaps.