Deciphering the neurotoxic effects of emerging pollutants: Bisphenols and phthalates as disruptors of brain function and mental health

Bisphenols and phthalates, ubiquitous plasticizers in everyday products, are endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) that leach from matrices, contributing to widespread human exposure. These EDCs disrupt endocrine functions, affecting neurodevelopmental processes and increasing the risk of long-term adverse effects. This review examines the impact of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates on brain function and mental disorders. Exposure to these EDCs, particularly during critical developmental periods (perinatal and early childhood), induces changes in the neuroendocrine system, correlating with neurobehavioral disorders observed in puberty and later life. The alarming rise in global mental health disorders, especially among those under 18 (48.4% of reported cases), underscores the need to address environmental contributors like EDCs. While genetic and psychosocial factors are established contributors, emerging evidence highlights the role of EDCs in psychopathology. Further research and regulation of these ubiquitous compounds are essential to mitigate their impact on brain function and mental health.