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Assess the effects of removable and fixed functional appliances on skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in Class II malocclusion patients.

May 29, 2026CureusOpen Access

Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Changes Following the Functional Treatment of Skeletal Class II Growing Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Systematic review demonstrates skeletal and dentoalveolar improvements in Class II patients, indicating effective treatment methods.

Assess the effects of removable and fixed functional appliances on skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in Class II malocclusion patients.
Systematic review of six studies including four randomized controlled trials and two controlled clinical trials.
Evaluated treatments for patients aged 9-14 years with Class II malocclusion using cephalometric radiographic measurements.
Risk-of-bias and evidence certainty evaluated using Cochrane tools and GRADE methodology.
Both removable and fixed functional appliances improved skeletal Class II malocclusion with skeletal and dentoalveolar changes.
Activator, Twin-block, and Aesthetic Twin-block improved skeletal outcomes through mandibular advancement and maxillary growth restriction.
Trainer (T4K®) showed limited effects on skeletal changes, mainly affecting dentoalveolar structures.

Almrayati et al. (2026) studied this question.

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