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May 29, 2026BMJ OpenOpen Access

Health system responsiveness and associated factors among outpatients in primary healthcare units in Southern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

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Authors

HBHabtamu Esubalew BezieZHZeleke HailemariamMGMustefa Glagn

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Overview

Facility-based cross-sectional study assesses health system responsiveness in Southern Ethiopia, indicating important improvement areas.

Key Points

  • This research aims to evaluate the level of health system responsiveness among outpatients in primary healthcare units and identify associated factors.
  • Facility-based cross-sectional design conducted in three primary healthcare units in Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia.
  • 379 outpatients aged 18 and above selected through systematic random sampling.
  • Health system responsiveness measured across seven domains using a 28-item WHO-adapted tool; data analyzed with bivariate and multivariable linear regression.
  • Overall health system responsiveness score was 59.4%.
  • Confidentiality (73.9%) and dignity (70.7%) were the highest-scoring domains, while provider choice (34.6%) was the lowest.
  • Factors significantly associated with HSR included travel time (β = −0.26), out-of-pocket transport payment (β = −6.51), patient satisfaction (β = 1.57), and perceived quality (β = 0.32).

Cite This Study

Bezie et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a192df7fab5b468c4417030https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-111772
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