Guide explains how industrial-urban symbiosis benefits communities by turning waste into resources, encouraging citizen involvement.
This guide helps community members understand how cities and industries can work together to turn waste into useful resources through industrial-urban symbiosis. It explains what circular economy means for everyday life, shows real examples from United Circles hubs in Spain, Italy, and Turkey, and describes how citizens can participate and have their say in local projects.
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Yöntem et al. (2026) studied this question.
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