A pilot mixed-methods evaluation of a dance-based wellbeing programme in a women’s prison

Background Engagement in dance has been shown to enhance wellbeing, confidence, and social connection, yet little research has explored its potential in women’s prisons. Women in custody experience disproportionately high levels of mental health and social care needs, highlighting the importance of developing cost-effective, creative interventions. Objectives This study examined the impact of a one-week dance-based wellbeing programme delivered by Dance United Yorkshire (DUY) at HMP/YOI Styal on participants’ mental health, confidence, and interpersonal relationships. Design A mixed-methods, realist-informed pilot evaluation explored what worked, for whom, in what circumstances, and why. Methods Twelve women participated in a five-day dance programme culminating in a public performance. Data were collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and validated psychometric tools (WEMWBS and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) administered at four time points (pre, post, 2-day, and 4-week follow-up). Results Quantitative findings indicated increases in wellbeing and confidence immediately following the programme, with partial retention at four weeks. Thematic analysis identified three key mechanisms: working through challenging emotions, developing individual agency and confidence, and strengthening positive peer relationships. Conclusion This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that short, arts-based dance interventions can enhance mental wellbeing among incarcerated women and merit further multi-site evaluation.