Continuous long-term heart rate variability and risk assessment in pulmonary hypertension

Figures

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  Figure 1. (A) Linear mixed model and the prediction of NT-proBNP for the different HRV values on a logarithmic scale. As demonstrated, there is a negative correlation in which an increase in HRV leads to a decrease in NT-proBNP (p≤0.001). The patient’s distribution according to their WHO-FC and HRV is demonstrated in the coloured columns. X-axis: HRV in milliseconds. Y-axis: NT-proBNP in pmol/l. (B) Linear mixed model and the prediction of NT-proBNP for the different physical activity indexed by heart rate daytime values on a logarithmic scale. A negative correlation in which an increase in physical activity indexed by heart rate daytime leads to a decrease in NT-proBNP (p≤0.001) is observed. The patient’s distribution according to their WHO-FC and physical activity indexed by heart rate daytime is demonstrated in the coloured columns. X-axis: HRV in ms. Y-axis: physical activity indexed by heart rate daytime. HRV, heart rate variability; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; WHO-FC, WHO functional class.

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  Figure 2. Logistical model including the heart rate variability and the probability of being in the >5% 1-year mortality group shown in the black sigmoid curve. In red/green columns, the study patient’s distribution according to their ECS/ERS risk score (>5% vs <5% mortality rate) is indicated. Patients with ESC/ERS risk score >5% 1-year mortality shown in red columns and ESC/ERS risk score <5% 1-year mortality shown in green. Y-axis, left: probability. Y-axis right: number of measurements of the study-patients. X-axis: heart rate variability in ms. ECS/ERS, European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society.

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  Figure 3. Receiver operating characteristic curve illustrating the sensitivity and specificity for being in the >5% 1-year mortality group addressed by heart rate variability. X-axis: specificity. Y-axis: sensitivity. Illustrating the sensibility and specificity for heart rate variability (online supplemental file 1). AUC, area under the curve.(Supplementary material Appendix 1)