Directive use in negotiation interaction

This study examined how conversational directives expand strategically in negotiation interaction. The directive expansions were examined in relationship to four contextual parameters that are most influential in structuring communication choices in negotiation: participant goals and interests, the negotiation procedures, relational history of the negotiators, and the topic or issue consuming the interaction. Findings revealed that when participant goals are discrepant and a less cooperative context is apparent, when the procedures for conducting the negotiation are not as rigid, when participants have a substantial relational history, and when the negotiation content is personally involving, then more face‐threatening directives are used. The significance of these results is discussed with respect to the value of focusing on directives as a means of learning how the negotiation of information influences the negotiation over specific outcome proposals.