The Anatomy of a Problematic Emotion—The Conceptualization and Measurement of the Experience of Pity

The current series of studies attempts to conceptualize and empirically assess the experience of pity. Study 1 attempted to extract the basic components of pity using a phenomenological approach and to construct relevant self-report scales (the Pity Experience Inventories—PEIs). Studies 2–4 examined the association of the PEIs with other well-validated constructs—value orientation, sense of personal control, attachment style, and caregiving orientation—in order to provide initial construct validation for the uncovered structure of pity. Findings indicated that the pity experience consisted of three patterns of cognitions, feelings, motivations, and behaviors, ranging along the passive-active and prosocial-egocentric dimensions: compassionate caring, passive identification, and false superiority. In addition, each pattern was associated with relevant psychological constructs. Findings were discussed in light of recent theories of emotions.