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James D. Westphal, Ranjay Gulati, Stephen M. Shortell, Customization or Conformity? An Institutional and Network Perspective on the Content and Consequences of TQM Adoption, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 42, No. 2 (Jun., 1997), pp. 366-394
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Westphal et al. (1997) studied this question.
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