The authors express their appreciation to the administrators and the participants in this study and acknowledge the research assistance of Robert Liden, Cindi Fukami, Dan Gallagher, Joan Graen, Lee Stepina, and Sophia Zukrowski, and James Terborg's and Mary Zalesny's review of earlier drafts. This research was supported in part by grant N E-6-003-0091 from the National Institute of Education George Graen, principal investigator. Requests for reprints should be addressed to George Graen, Department of Organizational Behavior, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45212.
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Graen et al. (1977) studied this question.