Breeding The Precise Revolution of Genotype Selection

Breeding 3.0, the stage of breeding based on precise genotype selection and genetic and genomic data, represents a significant technological shift in the field of plant breeding, transforming traditional phenotypic selection into genotype selection to enhance selection efficiency and accuracy. The beginning of Breeding 3.0 can be traced back to approximately 1995 when molecular markers and genomic data were used to supplement phenotype data. Iconic academic achievements, such as the construction of saturated linkage maps in rice and breakthroughs in rice whole genome sequencing, marked the early stages of Breeding 3.0. The methodological framework of Breeding 3.0 includes marker-assisted backcrossing and pedigree confirmation, the application of linkage maps in unraveling complex traits, and advancements in high-throughput genotyping. The integration of genetic and genomic data confers advantages in precision and efficiency to Breeding 3.0. Genotype-based breeding approaches provide new avenues for improving plant varieties, while genome-wide selection enables the analysis of complex quantitative traits.