Investigating the role of self-assessment in enhancing self-regulated learning amongst medical students in problem-based learning

BACKGROUND: Lifelong learning is integral to providing safe and effective healthcare. This requires effective strategies for self-regulated learning (SRL). Problem-based learning (PBL) is one recognized method for fostering SRL skills. While self-assessment is known to promote SRL, its effectiveness within PBL tutorials, especially for new medical students, remains underexplored. Given the established evidence of self-assessment's impact on SRL, this study examines its role specifically within PBL to explore whether it enhances self-regulatory processes in novice learners. METHODS: Using a post-positivist approach, a multi-method study was conducted, with Zimmerman's SRL framework as a theoretical lens. A correlation analysis assessed the relationship between self-assessment and SRL. A pre-test post-test interventional study without a control group measured changes in SRL following implementation of self-assessment. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess whether self-assessment predict students' self-regulated learning improvement. The intervention used a previously validated tool the "Self-assessment Scale for Active learning and Critical Thinking (SSACT)." Additionally, qualitative methods explored the impact of self-assessment on SRL skills in the PBL tutorial context. RESULTS: Our findings indicate a positive correlation between self-assessment and SRL, suggesting a potential dynamic relationship between the two constructs. The students' motivation after implementation of self-assessment is significantly increased. Self-assessment played a crucial role on the development of students' self-regulated learning. Qualitative analysis reveals that self-assessment contributes to heightened self-awareness, goal orientation, and effective task planning among medical students in PBL tutorials. Furthermore, the provision of external feedback and revision opportunities enhanced students' self-regulation in the learning process. CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on the promising role of self-assessment in augmenting SRL skills among novice medical students within PBL settings. The findings underscore the potential of self-assessment as a valuable tool to cultivate self-regulation. By bridging the gap in understanding the impact of self-assessment on SRL within PBL, this research not only contributes valuable insights but also informs the design of effective educational interventions. The use of a validated self-assessment tool can empower medical learners to develop the crucial skill of self-regulation, thereby enhancing their overall educational experience.