Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
. Kawazu, Yusuke, Nobuya Ogawa, and Jyuji Misumi 1974 A psychophysiological study of leadership conditions: The interaction between placebo effects and leadership effects. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Psychological Asso- ciation: 816-817 (in Japanese). Kerr, Steven, and John M. Jermier 1978 Substitutes for leadership: Their meaning and measure- ment. Organizational Be- havior and Human Perform-
Misumi et al. (Sat,) studied this question.