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This paper presents a new method to study the capability of an underactuated hand to produce form-closed grasps. First, the stability behaviours of different underactuated parallel-jaw grippers are analyzed and compared according to their actuation and transmission mechanisms. Then, both notions of 1st order and 2nd order form-closure are revisited for underactuated hands, since in this particular case the assumption of fixed contacts made in the original definition is false. Therefore, constraints imposed by non-backdrivable mechanisms are introduced into the model of the whole grasp. Finally, a simple geometrical condition, necessary and sufficient for 1st order form-closure is proposed. This permits to conclude on the minimum number of non-backdrivable mechanisms required to produce 1st order form-closed grasps using an underactuated hand
Bégoc et al. (Sun,) studied this question.