Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm based Cascaded PID controller for Load-frequency control of OFF-Grid Electric Vehicle integrated Microgrid

The article aims to propose an innovative robust secondary load frequency control (LFC) technique for Microgrid (MG) in OFF-Grid mode. Generally, MG power generators are unable to maintain frequency stability due to sudden change in loading condition. Another crucial non-linearity encountered due to the most important power source of the MG, the Solar and Wind generating system due to irregularity in solar irradiance and wind deviation in magnitude and direction. The participation of Energy storage system (ESS) is an effective solution to this problem up to great extent. Among various ESS devices, Electric vehicle (EV) has created a unique identity due to its low cost and overwhelming performance in frequency stabilization. The involvement of EVs has been considered to introduce a robust control strategy with other ESS devices for the study of MG. In this paper, the innovative cascaded PID (CPID) controller along with the Grey Wolf optimization (GWO) technique has projected to find the optimal solution for LFC problem of the MG due to various disturbance occurred during operation. The viability of the CPID controller has been measured by most popular PI and PID tuned by the GWO approach. The efficacy of the GWO tuned CPID has been validated by assessing the performance with GA/PSO based CPID controller.