E. Mark Cummings, Carolyn Zahn-Waxler, Marian Radke-Yarrow, Young Children's Responses to Expressions of Anger and Affection by Others in the Family, Child Development, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1981), pp. 1274-1282
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Cummings et al. (1981) studied this question.
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