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Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a wide ranging non-destructive tool used in many fields of application including effective pavement engineering surveys. Despite the high potential and the consolidated results obtained over the past decades, pavement distress manuals based on visual inspections are still widely used, so that only the effects and not the causes of faults are generally considered. In such context, simulation can represent an effective solution for supporting engineers and decision-makers in understanding the deep responses of both revealed and unrevealed damages. In this study, the use of FDTD simulation of the GPR signal is analyzed by simulating three different types of flexible pavement at two different center frequencies of investigation commonly used for road surveys. Comparisons with the undisturbed modelled pavement sections are carried out showing promising agreements with theoretical expectations, and good chances for detecting the shape of damages are demonstrated.
Benedetto et al. (2014) studied this question.