Curation and standardisation of plant–pollinator interaction data under FAIR principles: experience from Pampean agroecosystems

Plant–pollinator interactions are essential to the functioning of natural and agricultural ecosystems. Although the volume of available data on these interactions is steadily increasing, their utility for integrative studies is limited by heterogeneity in data formats and poor documentation. The WorldFAIR project aimed to improve data interoperability and promote the adoption of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of two standardisation approaches (manual and semi-automated) applied to five datasets with varying levels of cleanliness, complexity, and structure. Our results show that for small datasets (fewer than 637 records), the manual method is more suitable, while for larger datasets, the semi-automated approach—based on tools such as OpenRefine—is more efficient after an initial learning curve. Additionally, we compiled a list of common issues encountered during the standardisation process and suggested possible solutions. This study aims to guide those interested in applying FAIR principles to ecological interaction data, supporting the planning and decision-making process when choosing the most suitable approach.