Energetic electron injections into the inner magnetosphere during the Jan. 10–11, 1997 magnetic storm

At the end of the main phase of the Jan. 10–11, 1997 magnetic storm, a rapid enhancement of 0.4‐1.6 MeV electrons across L=4.2–6 was measured by particle detectors on the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) and three Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. This enhancement, over two orders of magnitude at L=4.2–5, occurred around 11:00 UT on Jan. 10, when the AE index reached ∼ 2000 nT and when a solar wind pressure pulse arrived. Using data from multiple satellites and ground stations, we determine that the rapid enhancement of 0.4–1.6 MeV electrons in the magnetosphere at L=4.2–6 was due to a combination of intense substorm activity during the early part of the magnetic storm which produced a source population and the following pressure pulse which quickly energized some of these electrons by moving them into stronger magnetic field.