Key result
From 1992 to 2021, the global age-standardized incidence rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage declined by 30.05%, with an annual net drift of -1.48%, despite a 29.54% increase in absolute cases.
Why the study?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage causes high morbidity and mortality, but epidemiological trends and regional variations across the heavily populated BRICS-plus nations had not been comprehensively examined.
Observational
The study highlights a global and regional decline in age-standardized SAH incidence rates over 30 years, though absolute case numbers continue to rise in most BRICS-plus nations, emphasizing the need for tailored public health interventions.
Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a major global health concern associated with disproportionately high morbidity and mortality. The BRICS-plus nations (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China, South Africa, and six other new members), account for a substantial proportion of the global population while being confronted with distinct public health challenges. This study aims to examine epidemiological trends and regional variations in SAH burden across BRICS-plus nations through comprehensive and timely analysis. Methods: Data on the number, all-age rate, age-standardized rate, and relative change in SAH incidence from 1992 to 2021 across eleven BRICS-plus members were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Associations between the incidence rate and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) were assessed through Pearson correlation analyses. Furthermore, age-period-cohort modeling was utilized to quantify net drift, local drift, age, period, and cohort effects over the past three decades. Results: Except for China, SAH cases were observed to have significantly increased in the other ten BRICS members from 1992 to 2021. All BRICS-plus countries exhibited a declining trend in the age-standardized incidence rate over the study period. Indonesia reported the highest age-standardized incidence rate (10.94 per 100,000 population) in 2021, while China displayed the most significant decrease, at 59.36%. The annual net drift in the SAH incidence rate ranged from -3.36%% for China to -0.50% for the Russian Federation among the eleven countries. A significant negative correlation was observed between the incidence rate of SAH and SDI values. Nations displayed similar age-effect patterns characterized by initial declines followed by subsequent increases with advancing age, along with distinct period and cohort effects that may reflect variations in control measures and temporal burden patterns. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the overall decline in age standardized incidence rate of SAH, while highlighting the persistent health inequalities among eleven countries potentially attributable to socioeconomic disparities. Furthermore, the findings underscore the imperative for tailored interventions across age, period, and cohort dimensions to mitigate SAH-specific challenges in nations undergoing rapid development.
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Guo et al. (2025) conducted an observational in Subarachnoid hemorrhage. From 1992 to 2021, the global age-standardized incidence rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage declined by 30.05%, with an annual net drift of -1.48%, despite a 29.54% increase in absolute cases.
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