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The current study brings natural resources, and tourism into the energy-growth, and environment nexus using the STIRPAT model for 88 BRI countries over 1995–2015. Considering the endogeneity, cross-sectional dependence, and slope homogeneity, this study employed dynamic GMM and D while, renewable energy is negatively affecting energy, which indicates that growth in renewable energy tends to discourage the consumption of fossil fuel-based energy in the BRI countries.
Sun et al. (Thu,) studied this question.