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With the twenty-first century just around the corner, all industries, including construction, are posed an inescapable challenge by the term “sustainability.” Business activities of all kinds are major causes of direct and indirect environmental impacts. Nevertheless, until only recently the world’s businesses by and large have given too little thought to the environmental aspects of their activities, and their own sustainability. Achieving sustainability—through conservation, recycling, and research and development on new materials and technologies—is the next great challenge for the civil engineering and construction industry.
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Yasuyoshi Miyatake (1996) studied this question.
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