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Manufacturers often use returns policies to encourage retailers to stock and price items more aggressively. We focus on the effect that such policies have on both a retailer's and a manufacturer's profits when the retailer must commit prior to the selling season to both a stocking quantity and a price at which to sell an item. Such a commitment is often necessary for retailers who sell primarily through catalogues.
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Emmons et al. (1998) studied this question.
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