Roles of Goserelin in Gynecological Disorders

Xiufeng Huang,1– 3 Nihao Gu,4– 6 Linhua Qian,1– 3 Feng Sun,4– 6 Shizhou Yang,1– 3 Hong Xu4– 6 1Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Gynecology, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hong Xu, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18017316266, Email xuhong1558@sjtu.edu.cnAbstract: Goserelin is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist with a long history of clinical application and well-established efficacy and safety profile. Its mechanism of action centers on sustained GnRH receptor desensitization, leading to pituitary downregulation, ovarian suppression, and reduction of estradiol and progesterone to postmenopausal levels; this forms the basis for its efficacy in hormone-dependent gynecological conditions. Over the past three decades, the use of goserelin has been expanded to an increasing number of indications and clinical scenarios. Approved gynecological indications of goserelin include endometriosis, uterine fibroids, usage as an agent for endometrial thinning, and usage as an agent for ovarian downregulation prior to assisted reproduction. More recent research continues to explore the use of goserelin in gynecological diseases such as adenomyosis and different types of female cancers. Goserelin may also be a useful tool in clinical scenarios where gynecologic management is required as part of multi-disciplinary therapy. This review consolidates the established and emerging roles of goserelin across the broad spectrum of benign and malignant gynecological conditions, underscoring its remarkable clinical versatility and the breadth of evidence that support its continued expansion of utility in contemporary practice.